Journal: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

Article Title: Evaluation of Common Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques for Tail Biopsy in Mice

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Behavioral evaluations (mean ± SE) of mice after tail biopsy. Overall activity includes exploratory behaviors, tail grooming, and twitching. Exploratory behaviors include normal gait, rearing, and climbing. Adult mice are shown in panels A through D; preweaning mice are shown in panels E through H. (A) Treatment × time effect shows that buprenorphine treatment, with or without isoflurane, increased overall activity over time (P < 0.001, repeated-measures ANOVA). Mice treated with buprenorphine had increased activity at 1 to 2 h after tail biopsy. Isoflurane resulted in increased activity at 30 min after tail biopsy, and the no-biopsy control mice had increased activity at 2 h after the procedure. (B) Regardless of treatment, exploratory behaviors declined over time, with no difference among treatment groups. (C) The effect of treatments on tail grooming differed over time (P < 0.05, repeated-measures ANOVA). Ethyl chloride spray increased initial tail grooming behavior significantly during the first 30 min after tail biopsy, whereas local 2-point nerve block and bupivacaine immersion initially tended to decrease tail grooming behavior. (D) Twitching behavior did not differ between treatments, except for buprenorphine, which caused an increase in twitching behavior (P < 0.001, repeated-measures ANOVA) at 1 to 3 h after tail biopsy. (E) Overall activity and (F) exploratory behaviors decreased over time in all preweanling treatment groups, but no difference between treatments was seen. (G) There were significant (P < 0.05, repeated-measures ANOVA) differences among treatments over time on tail grooming behavior in preweaning mice. Frequency of tail grooming initially was decreased for the bupivacaine immersion and no-biopsy groups. After the initial time point, treatments did not differ. (H) Frequency of twitching behavior decreased over time, and buprenorphine caused an increase in twitching behavior relative to other treatments (P < 0.05, repeated-measures ANOVA). *, Value significantly (P < 0.05, Tukey post hoc testing) compared with that of the no-treatment group.

Article Snippet: Treatments consisted of submerging each mouse's tail for 2 min in either 5 mM lidocaine (L7757, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) or 15 mM bupivacaine base (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) in DMSO.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control, Blocking Assay